Seeing how it was?: childhood geographies and memories in home movies     

Heather Norris Nicholson 《Area》2001,33(2):128-140

Home movies provided valuable insights into childhood experiences during much of the twentieth century. Contrasting footage of children in rural and urban setting in Northern England between c.1937 and 1970, viewed through the cinematic gaze of two male amateur film-makers underpins this discussion of childhood geographies in the past. Issues explored in the paper include the social construction of childhood, power relations and visual representation of children, and the role of home movie-making in shaping memories and constituting ideas and ideologies about family and children.  相似文献   

A re-evaluation of the olivine-spinel geothermometer   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Peter L. Roeder  Ian H. Campbell  Heather E. Jamieson 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1979,68(3):325-334

The Irvine olivine-spinel geothermometer, as formulated by Jackson (1969), appears to yield magmatic temperatures when applied to plutonic rocks such as the Stillwater Complex but Evans and Wright (1972) have demonstrated that it gives temperatures in excess of 2,000 ° C when applied to volcanic assemblages. A re-evaluation of the geothermometer has shown that more realistic temperatures can be obtained for volcanic rocks by using a different free energy value of FeCr₂O₄ in the formulation. The revised geothermometer gives temperatures in the range 1,100–1,300 ° C for samples from Kilauea and 500–800 ° C for basic plutonic rocks from layered intrusions, indicating that Mg and Fe²⁺ have re-equilibrated at subsolidus temperatures in these intrusions as suggested by Irvine (1965). This theory was tested by heating uncrushed natural samples from layered intrusions to magmatic temperatures for periods ranging from two days to four weeks. The result was a marked increase in the Mg/Fe²⁺ ratio in the spinels and a decrease in the Mg/Fe²⁺ ratio in the olivines, confirming that considerable subsolidus re-equilibration had taken place in the unheated samples.  相似文献   

At home and abroad with cine enthusiasts: Regional amateur filmmaking and visualizing the Mediterranean, ca. 1928–1962.     

Heather Norris Nicholson 《GeoJournal》2004,59(4):323-333

After the appearance of a portable Kodak cine camera in 1923, home moving making grew steadily in popularity in the years leading up to and following World War II. Cine enthusiasts, particularly in the pre-war period, tended to be male, white and middle class, although exceptions exist, and they tended to travel with their cameras much as earlier generations had documented their experiences in written and artistic form. Despite their amateur status, they were often very professional in their approach to cinematography and they produced material for a range of domestic and public audiences on varied topics and in different genres. Specialist publications and the rapid growth of local amateur film societies fostered the rise of an active non-professional film movement; the result is a highly distinctive although neglected component of film history. With reference to materials held at the North West Film Archives in Manchester, England, this discussion considers the rise of non-professional filmmaking at the regional level during the decades before and after the second world war. Making and showing home movies is placed within various socio-cultural contexts. The imagery discloses much about visual practice, including filmmakers' perceptions and their relationships with different kinds of subject matter. The making of holiday footage, in Mediterranean settings, and its subsequent screening in domestic or public places, connects with broader issues of visualization, social practice and leisure-related consumption. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Tidally phased emergence events in a strongly tidal estuary     

Leslie H. Taylor  Shawn M. Shellito  Heather U. Abello  Peter A. Jumars 《Estuaries and Coasts》2005,28(4):500-509

Acoustic backscatter from an active sonar system over a range of six frequencies between 265 kHz and 3 MHz in the tidally dominated Damariscotta River estuary, Maine, United States, revealed that the major emergence event of the night commenced on the first tidal deceleration after dark (3.5–4 h after local slack), irrespective of flow direction. Emergence traps identified the mysid shrimp,Neomysis americana, as the dominant migrator. Water-column-integrated, acoustically estimated biovolume at our 10-m deep study location increased by a factor of about 6 during these large events, entirely dominating the holoplanktonic contribution and likely being a major component in benthic-pelagic coupling. Application of the same algorithm used to locate this nighttime emergence revealed a parallel but considerably smaller daytime emergence event near the same phase of the tide. Daytime trap samples failed to recover the organisms responsible, but transmissometry rejected the alternative hypothesis that we observed resuspension events. We suspect, but have yet only weak evidence, that animals emerging in daylight are copepods rather than mysids.  相似文献   

Seismogenic zone structure beneath the Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica, from three-dimensional local earthquake P- and S-wave tomography   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Heather R. DeShon  Susan Y. Schwartz  rew V. Newman  Victor González  Marino Protti  LeRoy M. Dorman  Timothy H. Dixon  Daniel E. Sampson  Ernst R. Flueh 《Geophysical Journal International》2006,164(1):109-124

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Effect of artificial maturation on carbazole distributions, as revealed by the hydrous pyrolysis of an organic-sulphur-rich source rock (Ghareb Formation, Jordan)     

Heather Clegg  Brian Horsfield  Heinz Wilkes  Jaap Sinninghe Damst  Martin P. Koopmans 《Organic Geochemistry》1998,29(8):1953-1960

Hydrous pyrolysis experiments were performed on the Ghareb Formation (Upper Cretaceous, Jordan), a carbonate- and organic-rich (TOC 19.6%) source rock, using a temperature range of 200 to 360°C (72 h). The original sediment contains only low amounts of carbazoles, (maximum 2.2 μg/g bitumen for 1-methylcarbazole). With increasing thermal maturation, intense generation begins at temperatures only in excess of 300°C, reaching a maximum at 360°C. Likewise, during natural maturation, generation occurs at later stages of maturity (e.g. for Tithonian source rocks at >0.81% R_r and for Posidonia Shale at >0.88% R_r). Some isomeric changes during hydrous pyrolysis do not resemble those in nature whereas others do. The relative abundances of selected C₁- and C₂-alkylcarbazoles on ternary diagrams reveal differences, whereas the benzo[a]carbazole/benzo[a]carbazole+benzo[c]carbazole ratio is closely similar. The latter result supports the contention that maturation plays a key role in controlling carbazole distributions in source rocks. However, the results for alkylcarbazoles, especially the C₂-carbazoles, are not easy to interpret.  相似文献   

A quantitative scanning electron microscope study of evidence for lichen weathering of limestone,Mendip Hills,Somerset     

Heather Viles 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1987,12(5):467-473

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Stable isotope indicators of movement and residency for brown shrimp (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Farfantepenaeus aztecus</Emphasis>) in coastal Louisiana marshscapes     

Brian Fry  Donald M. Baltz  Mark C. Benfield  John W. Fleeger  Arian Gace  Heather L. Haas  Zoraida J. Quiñones-Rivera 《Estuaries and Coasts》2003,26(1):82-97

Brown shrimp (Farfantepenaeus aztecus) are an important commercial aquatic species experiencing loss of inshore marsh nursery habitat in coastal Louisiana. To study inshore brown shrimp movements and identify aspects of essential habitat important for sustaining brown shrimp populations, we collected juvenile brown shrimp in April and May 2000, the time of annual maximum brown shrimp abundance, in a small 1-km² marsh area on the central Louisiana coast. Drop sampling showed average shrimp densities of 1.6–2.4 m⁻² in shallow marsh ponds and seining indicated lower densities of 0.5–0.9 m⁻² in nearby shallow channel and open bay sites. Smaller shrimp (< 50 mm) fed disproportionately on benthic diatoms and small harpacticoid copepods, while large shrimp fed more frequently on larger-bodied amphipods and tanaids. We developed novel chemical approaches to estimate patterns of shrimp residency and movement using carbon and nitrogen stable isotopic determinations. Resident shrimp had isotopic values similar to average foods and showed consistent isotopic spacings between fast and slow turnover tissues. Residency was highest (47–55%) in ponds and shallow channel habitats and much less in open bays and deep channels (4–27%). There was sparse evidence for dietary specialization among individull shrimp. The results support the view that small 10–20 mm postlarval and juvenile brown shrimp arriving in estuaries from offshore waters continue movement through sub-optimal habitats (deep channels and open bays), but exhibit much less movement once an optimal habitat (marsh ponds or shallow channel margins) is reached. This study also indicated that combining estimates of shrimp densities, residency, growth rate, and mortality allows evaluation of the importance of different habitat types for shrimp production. Shallow ponds that in many ways resemble fertile aquaculture ponds appear to be hot spots for brown shrimp production, and coastal preservation and restoration efforts should focus on these areas as important for sustaining shrimp fisheries.  相似文献   

Characterisation of Optical Water Quality in Bunaken National Marine Park, Indonesia     

Heather Holden 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2002,23(1):23-36

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How Does Large Flaring Activity from the Same Active Region Produce Oppositely Directed Magnetic Clouds?     

Louise K. Harra  Nancy U. Crooker  Cristina H. Mandrini  Lidia van Driel-Gesztelyi  Sergio Dasso  Jingxiu Wang  Heather Elliott  Gemma Attrill  Bernard V. Jackson  Mario M. Bisi 《Solar physics》2007,244(1-2):95-114

We describe the interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) that occurred as a result of a series of solar flares and eruptions from 4 to 8 November 2004. Two ICMEs/magnetic clouds occurring from these events had opposite magnetic orientations. This was despite the fact that the major flares related to these events occurred within the same active region that maintained the same magnetic configuration. The solar events include a wide array of activities: flares, trans-equatorial coronal loop disappearance and reformation, trans-equatorial filament eruption, and coronal hole interaction. The first major ICME/magnetic cloud was predominantly related to the active region 10696 eruption. The second major ICME/magnetic cloud was found to be consistent with the magnetic orientation of an erupting trans-equatorial filament or else a rotation of 160° of a flux rope in the active region. We discuss these possibilities and emphasize the importance of understanding the magnetic evolution of the solar source region before we can begin to predict geoeffective events with any accuracy.  相似文献